Em xin phép nhờ  quý thầy cô và các bạn giúp đỡ với ạ!

\(\dfrac{1}{x^2+2}-\dfrac{1}{xy+2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2+2}-\dfrac{1}{xy+2}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{xy-x^2}{\left(x^2+2\right)\left(xy+2\right)}+\dfrac{xy-y^2}{\left(y^2+2\right)\left(xy+2\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-y}{xy+2}\left(\dfrac{y}{y^2+2}-\dfrac{x}{x^2+2}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-y}{xy+2}\right)\left(\dfrac{x^2y+2y-xy^2-2x}{\left(x^2+2\right)\left(y^2+2\right)}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2\left(xy-2\right)}{\left(xy+2\right)\left(x^2+2\right)\left(y^2+2\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow xy=2\) (do x;y phân biệt)

\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{2}{xy+2}+\dfrac{2}{xy+2}=\dfrac{4}{xy+2}=\dfrac{4}{2+2}=1\)

Với \(y=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2+x+1}{x+1}\in Z\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+1}\in Z\Rightarrow\) ko tồn tại x nguyên dương thỏa mãn (loại)

Với \(y>1\):

Đặt \(\dfrac{x^2+x+1}{xy+1}=k\Rightarrow x^2-\left(ky-1\right)x+1-k=0\)

\(\Delta=\left(ky-1\right)^2+4\left(k-1\right)\) là số chính phương

Ta có: \(k\ge1\Rightarrow\left(ky-1\right)^2+4\left(k-1\right)\le\left(ky-1\right)^2\)

Đồng thời \(y>1\Rightarrow y\ge2\Rightarrow2ky\ge4k>3\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(ky-1\right)^2+4\left(k-1\right)=\left(ky-2\right)^2+\left(2ky-3\right)+4\left(k-1\right)>\left(ky-2\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(ky-2\right)^2< \left(ky-1\right)^2+4\left(k-1\right)\le\left(ky-1\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(ky-1\right)^2+4\left(k-1\right)=\left(ky-1\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow k=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2+x+1}{xy+1}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+x=xy\Rightarrow y=x+1\)

\(\Rightarrow y-x=1\)

ráng chờ thầy nguyễn việt lâm  onl r nhờ nghen:>

\(\sqrt{\left(16+9\right)\left(16a^2b^2+9\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(16ab+9\right)^2}=16ab+9\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{16a^2b^2+9}\ge\dfrac{1}{5}\left(16ab+9\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{5}\left(16ab+9\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)=\dfrac{1}{5}\left[16\left(a+b\right)+9\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\right]\)

\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{5}\left[32+9.\dfrac{4}{a+b}\right]=\dfrac{1}{5}\left[32+\dfrac{9.4}{2}\right]=10\)

\(P_{min}=10\) khi \(a=b=1\)

\(P=\dfrac{x+2y}{2xy}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}=\dfrac{x+2y}{4}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\)

\(P=\dfrac{x+2y}{16}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}+\dfrac{3\left(x+2y\right)}{16}\)

\(P\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x+2y}{16\left(x+2y\right)}}+\dfrac{3}{16}.2\sqrt{2xy}=\dfrac{5}{4}\)

\(P_{min}=\dfrac{5}{4}\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(2;1\right)\)

Do \(2x^2-1\) luôn lẻ \(\Rightarrow y^3\) lẻ \(\Rightarrow y\) lẻ \(\Rightarrow y=2k-1\) với \(k>1\)

\(2x^2-1=\left(2k-1\right)^3=8k^3-12k^2+6k-1\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2=4k^3-6k^2+3k=k\left(4k^2-6k+3\right)\)

- Nếu \(k⋮3\Rightarrow x^2⋮3\Rightarrow x⋮3\)

- Nếu \(k⋮̸3\), gọi \(d=ƯC\left(4k^2-6k+3;k\right)\) với \(d\ne3\)

\(\Rightarrow4k^2-6k+3-k\left(4k-6\right)⋮d\) 

\(\Rightarrow3⋮d\Rightarrow d=1\)

\(\Rightarrow4k^2-6k+3\) và \(k\) nguyên tố cùng nhau

Mà \(k\left(4k^2-6k+3\right)=x^2\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}k^2=m^2\\4k^2-6k+3=n^2\end{matrix}\right.\) 

Xét \(4k^2-6k+3=n^2\Rightarrow16k^2-24k+12=\left(2n\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(4k-3\right)^2+3=\left(2n\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2n-4k+3\right)\left(2n+4k-3\right)=3\)

Giải pt ước số cơ bản này ta được nghiệm nguyên dương duy nhất \(k=1\) (không thỏa mãn \(k>1\))

Vậy \(x⋮3\)